Ceramic materials are a group of inorganic non-metallic materials made from natural or synthetic compounds by molding and high temperature sintering.
It has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, oxidation resistanceand so on.
It can be used as structural material and tool material. In addition, ceramics are capable of being used as a functional material because of their other special properties.
Mechanical Characteristics
Ceramic materials have the best stiffness and the highest hardness among engineering materials, with most of their hardness above 1500 HV.
Ceramics have high compressive strength, but low tensile strength, poor plasticity and toughness.
Thermal Characteristic
Ceramic materials generally have a high melting point (mostly above 2000 ℃), and has an excellent chemical stability at high temperatures; ceramic thermal conductivity is lower than the characteristics of metal materials.
Ceramics are also good thermal insulation materials.
At the same time, the coefficient of linear expansion of ceramics is lower than that of metals.
When the temperature changes, ceramics have good dimensional stability.
Electrical Characteristics
Most ceramics have excellent electrical insulation, thus a large number of insulating devices used in the production of various voltages (1kV ~ 110kV).
Ferroelectric ceramics (barium titanate BaTiO3) has a high dielectric constant, it can be used to make capacitors.
Ceramics in the ferroelectric ceramics under the action of the external electric field can also change the shape of the electrical energy into mechanical energy (with the characteristics of piezoelectric materials).
Ceramics can also be used as amplifiers, phonographs, ultrasonic instruments, sonar, medical acoustic spectrometers.
A few ceramics also have semiconductor properties, it can be used as a rectifier.
Chemical Characteristics
Ceramic materials are not easily oxidized at high temperatures and have good corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis and salts.
Optical Characteristics
Ceramic materials also have unique optical properties, it can be used as solid-state laser materials, optical fiber materials, optical storage, etc..
Transparent ceramics can be used for high pressure sodium lamps.
Magnetic ceramics (ferrite such as: MgFe2O4, CuFe2O4, Fe3O4) in the recording tapes, records, transformer cores, large computer memory components have a wide application of the future.
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